You are learning to:
- understand why paragraph organization improves clarity and reader engagement
- recognize effective use of paragraph breaks in guiding readers
- reflect on the evolution of paragraph structure over time
Press the following tabs to explore the learning goals and success criteria for this learning activity.
You are learning to:
I can:
Harjit and Lou’s dialogue in the library.
Harjit: Hey, Lou! What are you reading?
Lou: Hi Harjit. It’s this, like, fantasy or fairytale story? It seems kind of cool.
Harjit: I like the illustrations.
Lou: Me too!
Explore the following recording to learn about the land of Ayelsee from the book Harjit and Lou are reading.
Introduction to the Land of Ayelsee
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For thousands of years, the land of Ayelsee had been at peace under the Great Library. The forest grew fruits, the enchanted caverns glowed, cool breezes descended from the mountaintops, and the Great Library flourished.
Then, the unthinkable happened.
Four magical texts from the Great Library have been lost to the hungry moths, and now the lands are in disarray. The forest is barren, the glowing gems have dimmed, the mountain's storm freezes the land, and the spell books of the Great Library have fallen into chaos.
Two brave students must travel through the lands and restore the magic texts. This will return balance to Ayelsee.
Now, check out the following interactive activity to compare the land of Ayelsee before and after it fell into disarray. For a better experience with this interactive activity, use the fullscreen mode.
Suddenly, as Harjit and Lou are reading the book, something unexpected happens. Check out the following images to find out how the adventure begins.
Image 1
Harjit and Lou are being sucked into an ancient looking book.
Image 2
Harjit and Lou’s dialogue in the Ayelsee forest.
Harjit: Lou, are we inside the book you were reading?
Lou: That's impossible! Hey, check this out. It looks like these texts are half-eaten. Do you think, if we replaced the damaged texts, we could get out of here?
Harjit: Well, it’s worth a try. Let’s do it!
This course is designed to extend the range of oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that you need for success in both secondary school and daily life. You will study and create a variety of informational, literary, and graphic texts. An important focus will be on the consolidation of strategies and processes that will help you interpret texts and communicate clearly and effectively. This course is intended to prepare you for the compulsory Grade 11 college or workplace preparation course.
You may have noticed that you started this course by exploring the beginning of a story — that’s because your learning on this course will take the shape of a narrative. You will progress in the story as you complete learning activities and assignments. This course will culminate with the writing and recording of a podcast episode.
In this first unit, called “Foundations of a Voice: Crafting Clear Messages,” you will develop your paragraph writing and essay writing skills so you will be prepared for the units to come.
This learning activity is going to be all about paragraph organization. Different kinds of writing need different kinds of organization. So, like making a path in a forest, you’re going to learn how to organize your writing so that it’s clear for the reader to navigate.
One of the key characteristics of successful and confident language learners is the ability to set learning goals and be purposeful in monitoring your progress toward achieving them. To set meaningful goals, you’ll need to engage in some self-reflection.
Reflect on the following questions:
• What are your current strengths as a writer?
• What are a few things you could work on?
The quest to reach a new goal is not a straight path. We often hit roadblocks that force us to detour, back up, or try an entirely new route to our destination. Overcoming these obstacles and finding new pathways requires purposeful thinking and motivation. One way to navigate these obstacles is by setting goals.
Setting goals is an aspect of self-directed learning. Like any skill, you need to learn it and then you need practice it to improve.
Respond to the following questions in your notebook.
What are your goals for this course? In other words, what do you want to achieve? Do you want to be a better writer? Or maybe you want to challenge yourself by reading more complex texts?
Next, you'll learn about a few different kinds of writing. There are many genres and styles of writing. This course will focus on four different types of writing: narrative writing, descriptive writing, expository writing, and persuasive writing.
Press the following tabs to learn more about the four types of writing.
This type of writing aims to tell a story, whether real or fictional. It includes elements such as characters, a plot, a setting, and a clear beginning, middle, and end.
Check out the following example:
Sunita breathed slowly as she pushed the button hidden beneath the desk. A secret door on the other side of the office opened, revealing a dimly-lit passageway. ‘Okay,’ she said. ‘Here I go.’ Sunita turned on her phone's flashlight and ventured cautiously into the dark hallway, ready for whatever adventure awaited her."
This type of writing focuses on painting a picture with words. It involves detailed descriptions of people, places, objects, or events, engaging the reader's senses.
Examine the following example:
The old museum was a cavern of wonders, filled with the rich scent of aged paper and wood. Low display cases were lined with artifacts of every size. Dim sunlight filtered through stained glass windows, casting kaleidoscopic patterns on the dusty floor."
The goal of expository writing is to explain or inform. This type of writing is based on facts, providing clear explanations about a specific topic without the author's personal opinions.
Explore the following example:
The water cycle is a continuous process that involves the movement of water from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back again. It consists of four main stages: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. This cycle plays a critical role in maintaining Earth's climate and supports all forms of life."
A diagram of the water cycle. The four parts are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. Evaporation is labelled on a large body of water being heated up by the sun. As the liquid water gets hot, it changes state into water vapour and rises up into the clouds. Condensation is when the water vapour cools down and becomes clouds. Precipitation is when the clouds get too heavy and the water turns into rain and falls down to the earth. Collection is when the water becomes liquid and runs down into lakes and oceans. Then the water cycle starts again!
Persuasive writing is used to convince the reader about a particular point of view or argument. The writer presents reasons and evidence to persuade the reader to agree with their stance.
Check out the following example:
Recycling is essential for the health of our planet. It reduces the amount of waste in landfills, conserves natural resources, and saves energy. By recycling, we can significantly lessen the impact of human activities on the environment, ensuring a sustainable and healthy planet for future generations."
Each type of writing serves a distinct purpose, from storytelling to educating to persuading.
These styles of writing are also organized differently, especially when it comes to paragraphs. In this unit, we will focus on expository and persuasive writing, the kind of writing you might do for essays and reports. The goal is to demonstrate simple ways of organizing your thoughts to create clear and easily understood writing.
Now that you know about the four types of writing, check your understanding by answering the following questions. Select the correct answer, then press the Check Answer button to see how you did.
A big part of this unit will be working on paragraphs to make sure they are clear and communicate your point.
Here’s a relevant question: what is a paragraph?
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines it as follows:
A subdivision of a written composition that consists of one or more sentences, deals with one point or gives the words of one speaker, and begins on a new, usually indented line.
Source:
paragraph. (2025). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved on May 16, 2025, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paragraph
Now, examine the following quote from Steven Pinker, from his 2014 book about writing, The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century, to learn about the importance of a paragraph break:
[T]here is no such thing as a paragraph. That is, there is no item in an outline, no branch of a tree, no unit of discourse that consistently corresponds to a block of text delimited by a blank line or an indentation. What does exist is the paragraph break: a visual bookmark that allows the reader to pause, take a breather, assimilate what he has read, and then find his place again on the page."
Source:
Pinker, S. (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century (p. 145). Viking.
In the previous quotation, Pinker says that the paragraph isn’t what writers should be thinking about; instead, he feels the paragraph break is more important.
Do you agree? Explain your thinking in your notebook.
Pinker lists a few reasons to have a paragraph break: to allow readers to pause, rest, think, and then find their places on the page again.
The paragraph break, then, is something you put in for readers. That makes sense; after all, everything you put in a piece of writing is to help the reader understand and become engaged with the text.
Now that you’ve learned more about paragraph breaks, complete the following activity.
In the following paragraph, a student is putting forward the reasons why teleportation would be a revolutionary technology. Where would you add a paragraph break to make it clearer for the reader?
Once you’ve finished your work, press the Suggested Answer button to examine how paragraph breaks can be used in the previous text.
A good place to add a paragraph break in this text is right before the sentence “As stated previously, teleportation portals would save an incredible amount of time on travel and purchases.” It signals a shift in ideas, as well as being more visually appealing.
Fantastic! In this learning activity, you reflected on your strengths as a writer, reviewed some writing styles, and considered your own goals for the course. You also learned about paragraphs and worked on how writing and ideas can be structured through paragraph breaks.
Go back to the goals you set for this course! What are some steps you can take to achieve those goals? Record your ideas in your notebook.
In the next learning activity, you will learn more about organizing your writing. The learning activity will focus on creating a statement, example, explanation, and conclusion.
Complete the following self-check quiz to determine where you are in your learning and what areas you need to focus on.
This quiz is for feedback only, not part of your grade. You have unlimited attempts on this quiz. Take your time, do your best work, and reflect on any feedback provided.
For each question, select the correct answer, then press the Check Answer button to see how you did.
Ontario worked with other provinces in Canada to outline a set of competencies that are important to have to be successful in today’s world. Ontario then developed its Transferable Skills Framework as a set of skills for students to develop over time.
Explore the following video to learn about each of the seven transferable skills.
To learn more about each of the transferable skills, read the following document entitled Transferable Skills Overview (Opens in a new window) to explore the framework and the descriptors for each skill. Download, print, or copy the information in the document into your notes – you'll refer to it in each unit.
Throughout this course, you will be given the opportunity to reflect on the transferable skills you are developing. Keep your notebook up-to-date and be mindful of opportunities to apply and develop transferable skills.